Make it Stick: Science of Successful Learning

What NOT to do ▶

  1. Repetition based learning preached in colleges might not be the best approach
  • This is where you focus on a topic and drill down by re-reading

  • Apparently the brain hardly retains stuff this way (its the same as reading it once)

  • It creates a sense of illusion of fake fluency in our brains rather than mastery due to the phrases being in our heads (its too easy to fool ourselves)

What to do ⏩

Drawn from pilot training experience

  1. Spaced, interleaved and varied practice + self testing & elaboration
  • Spaced : give each topic a few days or hours to come back to

  • Interleaved : learn multiple subjects in between and try to connect things learnt in one to another

  • Varied : go wide - try different ways to learn. For e.g. calculating volume of sphere -> try calculating area of all other shapes

  • Self testing : Once learned try to test yourself by asking questions- E.g. Converting main points in questions and answering them later or low stakes quizzing

  • Elaboration : Re-phrase things in your own words and relate them to things you know or outside (putting into a larger context) E.g. A concept - Warm air hold more moisture than cold air can be understood through drip of water on the outside of coolers

The GOAL ▶

Extract key ideas from new material -> organize them into mental models and connect them to prior knowledge -> Then keep stacking them up to solve complex problems

For e.g. Messi is said to be a very complete player

  • The moment he receives the ball to his next action he has less than a few seconds but he’s already using his knowledge on player positions + the way ball travels + the speed of the pass + his first touch + the defenders stance to make the most out of the situation!!